Essay On Big Brother Control In 1984 - 814 Words

In the book 1984,by George Orwell, The main character Winston has a love affair with a girl named Julia.Their leader Big Brother controls all and knows all. They later get caught by the thought police and put through extreme conditions to reduce them to their core. Big Brother uses violence, manipulation, and propaganda to brainwash and control the perceptions of â€Å"his† citizens therefore , indicating it is possible to change people’s reality. One of the many ways Big Brother controls his people is by using manipulation,to alter the past to fit the present. In the story Winstons job is to rewrite articles and papers to match what is s aid to be true. â€Å"The messages he received referred to articles or news items which for one reason or†¦show more content†¦This continues until winston finally answers five.† In this quote winston’s brain is being manipulated into thinking that two plus two equals five. Propaganda is one of the ways he contro ls his â€Å"citizens†. Big Brother uses violence as a way to show everyone he is in charge. They use a three step system to â€Å"fix† people. â€Å"There are three stages in your reintegration.† Said Obrien, â€Å"There is learning, There is understanding, and there is acceptance.†(pg.260). This is the process they take people to break them down if they get caught breaking the law or for punishment.The people that go through this are reduced to nothing and forced to accept Big Brother. â€Å"You are rotting away† he said â€Å"you are falling to pieces.† The harsh treatment that winston went through has ended in him looking like that. Julia also went through the process and was stripped of her dignity.Violence is a harsh but straightforward method of reintegration. Propaganda is another way that Big Brother controls his citizens. He has posters all over the city of himself. â€Å"It depicted simply an enormous face more than a meter wider. The face of man of about forty -five.†(pg.1) The posters are there to remind the people not to break the law or do anything out of the ordinary. It strikes fear into people when they see it. Another form of propaganda is the mics hidden around the city to capture and detect the people breaking the law. â€Å"I didn’t want to say anything in the lane,† she said, â€Å" InShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Utopia of Orwell and Foucault1368 Words   |  6 Pagesgoverned city† (Foucault, 6) This quote extracted from the Essay Panopticism written by Michel Foucault perfectly describes in detail the controls put on the citizens of Big Brother’s Oceania in George Orwell’s 1984. Through control of relation, surveillance, and separating out their dangerous mixtures Big Brother obtains a government system, which is described by Foucault as a â€Å"Utopia.† The Utopia relies upon more than one method of control as noted by Foucault, but the far most significant methodRead MoreA Rhetorical Analysis on Nineteen Eighty-Four1044 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR Nineteen Eighty Four: A Critical Essay on Rhetoric Bereket Kifle Composition 12 Honors Abstract George Orwell employs the usage of different rhetoric throughout 1984.  Ã‚  The rhetoric differs from describing the human body and its struggle to survive to the different crimes and how the citizens felt about them.  Ã‚  Also, within  1984  lies a warning from Orwell: to eliminate the caustic consequences of a communist government.  Ã‚  While OrwellRead More1984 Ap Essay890 Words   |  4 Pages1976. The conflict created when the will of an individual opposes the will of the majority is the recurring theme of many novels, plays, and essays. Select the work of an essayist who is in opposition to his or her society; or from a work of recognized literary merit, select a fictional character who is in opposition to his or her society. In a critical essay, analyze the conflict and discuss the moral and ethical implications for both the individual and the society. Do not summarize the plot or actionRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Nineteen Eighty Four1651 Words   |  7 Pagesillustra ted the plot of the story in an entertaining way, but also gave me an insight of my central research question of propaganda. After completing this graphic novel, I gained more understanding of propaganda, including how and why it is used in 1984. Those ideas benefitted me on answering my central research question later in the project. Medium 2: Dossier This dossier was made for the main character Winston Smith and is written from the Thought Police’s point of view. Thinking from the Party’sRead MoreA Literary Analysis Of 1984 By George Orwell721 Words   |  3 Pages The essay your about to read is a literary analysis of the book â€Å"1984 by George Orwell† it was written in 1948 as a thriller. Winston Smith is the main character of this story followed by two characters â€Å"Julia and O’Brien.† The book starts off with main character Winston being very frustrated with what is called the â€Å"Party† lead by a man named â€Å"Big Brother† hints the saying â€Å"big brother is watching you† from â€Å"George Orwells worst fear† stated by express.co.uk. the book takes you for a rideRead MoreEssay 19841695 Words   |  7 Pagesone of the following essay topics and write a well-developed essay (no less than two typed pages, double-spaced in 12 pt. standard font such as Roman Times or Georgia). This essay is due the first day of school. 1. Describe Winston’s character as it relates to his attitude toward the Party. In what ways might his fatalistic streak contribute to his ultimate downfall? Cite examples from the text to prove your opinions. 2. How does technology affect the Party’s ability to control its citizens? In whatRead MoreTotalitarian Government In George Orwells Big Brother Is Watching You1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1984, â€Å"Big Brother Is Watching You.† One can not take two steps without bumping into a poster of a stern-looking man seeming to stare into the soul of the viewer. Big Brother acts as a Godlike figure to the citizens of Oceania, a super-nation constantly at war with the two super-nations. The government of Oceania, the Party, keeps citizens in a vice-like grip through constant surveillance and laws placed on every aspect of human existence. The only loyalty allowed is to the Party. They controlRead MoreGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell1514 Words   |  7 PagesGeneral Commentary of 1984 by George Orwell George Orwells dystopian (a fictional place where people lead dehumanized and fearful lives) vision of the year 1984, as depicted in what many consider to be his greatest novel, has entered the collective consciousness of the English-speaking world more completely than perhaps any other political text, whether fiction or nonfiction. No matter how far our contemporary world may seem from 1984s Oceania, any suggestion of government surveillanceRead MoreThe Linguistic Revolution:The Relation Between Class, Language, and Ideology In 1984968 Words   |  4 Pages While almost all novels contain some sort of political allusion or connotation, few novels are as directly political as George Orwells 1984. From beginning to end, the novel is an epic and shocking piece, a strong precautionary tale against the ills of extreme totalitarianism. In it, Orwell paints a dismal future, one where individualism ceases and citizens are held in rigid class structures by the government with the threat of physical harm and, more importantly, through powerful mental conditioningRead More1984 Propaganda1571 Words   |  7 Pages1984: Propaganda and Persuasion A) The 5 examples of different techniques of propaganda and persuasion from 1984 are: * Glittering Generality- emotionally appealing words that are applied to a product or idea, but present no concrete argument or analysis. * Ad Hominem- Attacking ones opponent, as opposed to attacking their arguments * Milieu Control- An attempt to control the social environment and ideas through the use of social pressure. * Bandwagon- Appeals attempt to persuade

What Should The Educator Do - 1440 Words

America has become a major player when it comes to diversity. Currently, we see diversity all around us; in people, ideas and even philosophies. However, when referring to the school systems, teachers and students, it is essential to understand that differences will certainly arise. In such a traditional country, often the question of what curriculum or philosophy should be implemented appears. At this point, the reader can observed educators focusing on an essentialist curriculum, while others are focusing on the idea of social reconstruction. First, it is fundamental to understand what are these two philosophies, and their purposes. Then, the question is what should the educator do? Which one should be applied? To begin with, in the philosophical perspective on education, the instructors focus on the nature of knowledge and how we acquired this knowledge through the educational approaches currently applied all over the world (Cohen, 1999). In which two out of the four major philosophies include essentialism and reconstructionism. In the first place, essentialism was an idea that developed during the 1920s and 1930s by William Bagley. He stresses the basic idea that there is common knowledge that needs to be transmitted to learners in a disciplinary and systematic way (Cohen, 1999). The essence of this philosophy relies on the emphasis that instructors should teach the most basic academic knowledge, skills, and character development, and try to embed virtues as well asShow MoreRelatedThe Code Of Ethics And Education1366 Words   |  6 Pagesother. Education lacking ethics is nothing but nothing learning without purpose and when ethics are when one develops the right ethics then education i s essential. What we should know is that the main purpose of education lies in the enlightenment of mind that gives us and our children the ability to choose between what is moral and what is immoral. A code of ethics within any workplace is a set of written principles regarding conduct and behavior created by the organization to serve as a guide.Read MoreEducation Is Important For Our Lives888 Words   |  4 Pageseveryday life. Lessons such as math, reading and writing. The ones who teach us are Educators, teachers do not get paid as highly as they should. Is As an aspired educator, I believe that teachers should be paid higher salary than what they receive now. Educators are the ones who teach us all of the necessary things that we use everyday to succeed in life. Without Educators how would we learn? These educators are doing what they love which is caring for our brains to wake up everyday and teach us theRead MoreThe Code Of Ethics For Education917 Words   |  4 Pagescolleagues. Educators have a moral responsibility to have a learning environment that fulfills and helps their students reach their full potential. According to the Code of Educators, â€Å"The professional educator accepts personal responsibility for teaching students character qualities that will help them evaluate the consequences of and accept the responsibility for their actions and choices.† (Code of Ethics fo Educators, 1994) I am going to focus on the responsibility that the students and educators haveRead MoreEducation Is A High Indicator Of Social Disa dvantage880 Words   |  4 PagesAs educators, it is important to understand issues of diversity and difference to ensure that all students are treated with respect, shown equality and equity. The curriculum should provide all students with an education that acknowledges diversity and differences (SCSA, n.d). Teachers should be able to provide a high quality of teaching which is relevant and enriching to ensure that students can achieve their full potential and can be successful at school. There are children from different socioeconomicRead MoreThe Early Years Learning Framework932 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s first national curriculum framework for educators working on early education and care settings with children from birth to age 5. It revolves around children and children’s learning. It brings forward the shared values and beliefs and contributes to consistency of practice across different learning settings. The EYLF promotes professional dialogue within an d between settings and highlights the crucial role early childhood educators play in establishing strong foundations for children’sRead MoreIn The Book, Careers In The Classroom By Sylvia Mei-Ling1328 Words   |  6 Pagesschools found in the United States, showing what it is like to teach in those types of schools and what causes an educator to decide to stay or leave the profession. Through my reading, I learned about the profession and why people choose it, I recognized many issues and situations I did not yet know occurred in the classroom and realized how this information will help me in my future career. I learned that there are a lot of stresses placed on educators. The author described that inner-city schoolsRead MoreImportance Of Math Skills At An Early Age Essay1432 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose Statement Math is an important and essential skill used in everyday life and as educators we need to provide the opportunity for young children to experience and learn these skills. As an adult, we use math to tell time, buying food and goods, cooking, and planning for finances and setting a budget. These are important skills and all involve the use of math, even a game as simple as pool involves the use of geometry and angles when planning shots. The program I currently work for scoresRead MoreA Teacher s View On The Purpose Of Schooling989 Words   |  4 PagesAs an educator, it is important to have a personal teaching philosophy based on your beliefs. It also helps you to keep the focus on what your goals are as an educator and the way you plan to integrate those goals into your teaching. A statement of philosophy begins with the educator s view on the purpose of schooling. In what ways are teachers going to challenge students to have high achievement standards? Along with goals for students, what are their responsibilities going to entail? TheseRead More Skills and Requirements of Professional Educators936 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: An educator is an individual whose work is to pass the required information to the students. A professional educator is effective in all they do and is responsible for the creation of an interactive learning environment. To do this, an educator should understand the requirements needed to satisfy the goals and objectives of their curriculums as well as the content. As much as the work of an educator is to disseminate the required information to the students, they also ensure that allRead MoreEssay on Is the Utilization of Learning Styles Necessary?1566 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion over whether or not educators should alter their lesson plans to reflect the learning styles of their students. Many of us have heard someone say, â€Å"I couldn’t figure out what they were saying, but once they showed me how I was able to do it.† This is an example of someone’s learning style. A learning style is the way a person prefers to process, internalize, and remember new info rmation or concepts. On one side of this debate are those educators that believe students should adapt to the teacher’s

Innovation of Apple Free Essays

string(229) " breakthrough of mp3 and Discman player, it is easy to observe that Apple products like ipod and iphone, the feature is user friendly, such as users are easily to find the particular song within a minute among 1,000 stored file\." MBA A Case Study on â€Å"Innovation on Apple† Course Code : MBA Cohort 22 Lecturer : Mr. D. L. We will write a custom essay sample on Innovation of Apple or any similar topic only for you Order Now Allen Student Name : Wong Man Pan Student ID : Submission Date : 18 July, 2012 No of words :3,092 1. Executive summary This article contains four main sections; in the first section, the characteristics of innovation Company are defined, mainly the ideas which follow Barry, John and Richard, 2011 and the overview of Apple Inc innovation would be evaluated based on the factors found. In the second section, the affecting factors in management (Amabile, 1998 ) and climate (Ekvall, 1996) based on Apple Inc would be discussed. Hence, two innovative companies such as HP and 3M performance would also be brought out . These three companies would be identified according to the three strategies suggested by Barry, John and Richard, 2011. Moreover, four actions framework from Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 would be analyzed with respect to one application from Apple — â€Å"Siri†. Finally, recommendation would be made for future development and challenge especially since the key man [Steve Jobs] passed away in 2011. 2. Content 1. Executive summary2 2. Content2 3. Introduction3 4. Five elements of innovative company – Apple Inc5 5. Creativity7 6. Managerial practices and organization climate for creativity7 7. â€Å"Siri† Four Actions Framework11 8. Conclusion and recommendation12 9. Reference14 3. Introduction Among the enterprises pursue innovation, Apple Inc is recognized as the most successful case. In 2011, Barry, John and Richard, 2011 conducted the survey and concluded that Apple Inc is the most innovative companies worldwide and the Exxon Mobil Corporation has been replaced by Apple as the most valuable company in the U. S by market capitalization. Always there is a misconception for most people, as heavy investment is the fundamental requirement to be the most innovative company. However it was found that Apple spend only around 2. 7% of revenue annually on RD, comparing with Microsoft whom spend 14% of revenue, there is a big gap. It implies that the findings from Barry, John and Richard, 2011- spending more on RD does not necessary drive results, the most crucial factors are strategic alignment and cultural influences that support innovation. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on managerial practices, such as organizational and environmental support, rather than how the investment was allocated. In the article of Barry, John and Richard, 2011, the innovative organization should focus on innovative strategy, effective overall business strategy, deep customer insight, great talent and the right set of capabilities to achieve successful execution, all of these factors are critical when identify the way of Apple Inc in performing innovation. Simultaneously, creativity is the inspiration of organization and it is easily affected by management and cultures. Two more innovative companies would be analyzed based on Amabile, 1998 and Ekvall, 1996, Apple would be defined as need seekers and technology drives based on Barry, John and Richard, 2011. Innovation would be resulted as strong identification with customer experiences and passion for products; this would drive the products with superior performance and quality. After the management and culture of Apple Inc is analyzed, one product – Siri would be taken into account to show the result of innovation based on the four actions framework suggested by Kim and Mauborgne, 2005. Although Apple Inc stands for the top innovative company, it is essential to review the strategy and make change especially when top management is altered. 4. Five elements of innovative company – Apple Inc In the article of Barry, John and Richard, 2011, it is clear that innovation is not determined by the amount on RD spending, the most vital factors are strategic alignment and cultures which support innovation. In this section, five elements issued by Barry, John and Richard, 2011 would be studied. Focused innovation strategy of Apple would be started from the key element in Apple’s approach to innovation (Walter, 2011), focus on where you think you can make a significant contribution recognized and it was further confirmed by Steve Jobs when he returned to Apple in 1997, Steve cut the unnecessary product line, minimized the number of developing products from 15 to 4. At that moment, only one or two new products were limited to launch into the market annually, it attempted to obtain the team power to concentrate on specific products development. Besides Apple Inc which only heavenly focuses on design and development, all the component and product assembly are outsourced, where it needs to share the profit with the supplier and the vendor, but Apple inevitably takes the largest portion. Effective overall business strategy is the combination of effective resources allocation and business model, Apple Inc, not like other electronic device companies, it is the pioneer to perform value chain integration. In the figure of Apple, 2011, it showed that only 40% of revenue is generated from the consumer electronic products like iphone and ipad, the large portion are generated from the Apps store and advertising agent. This means that the business model is no longer relied on buy-off product; it keeps the financial stability by ongoing sales from Apps store and advertising agent platform. The crucial point for Apple is that they do not need to invest tremendously on platform development as they are run by users and new apps are not developed by Apple itself but it shares the profit. This overall strategy is effective and sustainable to the whole group. Deep customer insight is defined as customer relationship quality, in other words, it is determined by products and services where customer orientated. One of the innovation strategies from Apple was customer eccentric; end users can not realize the needs until the products of Apple launched. The structure of the products chain is constructed by end users plus application, users get the electronic hardware from Apple which allows them to share and personalize their software of products through the Apps store and iTunes, and this also helps the group to diversify the income base. Moreover through the breakthrough of mp3 and Discman player, it is easy to observe that Apple products like ipod and iphone, the feature is user friendly, such as users are easily to find the particular song within a minute among 1,000 stored file. You read "Innovation of Apple" in category "Essay examples" Furthermore, looking at the environment Apple store, it successfully created a fairly comfortable atmosphere for customers, where a number of well trained staff would solve whatever problems from the products and always equipped with well manners and technical support. Great talent in Apple Inc could be said to be influenced by the company key man – Steve Jobs, it is the dedicated person who make Apple as an icon of innovation. According to Purkayastha and Syeda Qumer, 2011, most of the decisions of product development came from Steve. Also he inspired every staff in Apple to design and develop the products by thinking differently and create an environment in which the people working in Apple would believe that they are better than the rest (Purkayastha and Syeda Qumer, 2011). In recruiting staff, Steve put a large effort and resources on selecting the most outstanding talent on hardware, software, design and management. In the mind set of Steve Jobs, he believed that hire people who want to make the best things in the world and innovation comes from passionate, dedicated people. Indeed, there is no specific RD team in Apple Inc, all the development is based on objective orientation, featuring the right person and forming the team. The right set of capabilities to achieve successful execution, although there is no variety product from Apple, but it provides a total package to the customer. Apple has all self owned necessaries in the execution which is included but not limited to electronic device, operation system development (iOS) and itunes platform with alliance with media company and apps developer, Apple does not need to rely on another company on the operations. . Creativity The presence of both individual and organizational creativity mechanisms led to the highest level of innovation performance (Sundar and Anil, 2000), it is essential to investigate the creativity in Apple, there are three components of creativity suggested by Amabile, 1998, they are expertise, creativity thinking skills and motivation. (i) Expertise means every professional knowledge that people acquired and perform in the duties. Information technologies is the main core of Apple, hire people who want to make the best things in the world is one of the key elements in Apple approach mentioned at Walter, 2011, it implied that there are many experts in Apple. Apart from I. T and design area, Apple also provides corporate service to different industries; the team of consultant is required to have a variety of industries knowledge in order to offer the total consultative solution in different area to different types of customer. ii) Creativity thinking skills are defined as the flexibility and imagination of people to solve the problems, many Apple products are originated from another companies, like ipod, the idea was come from Tony Fadell (Ping and Yuan-hong, 2012), after the modification of design with creativity thinking skills, the outcomes equipped the pocket size devices would be store 1,000 songs and quick search function that is far advance than other type mp3 players. (iii) Motivation  drives people to behave actively toward a desired goal and initiates, controls, and sustains certain goal. Apple  attracts and retains employees in part owing to the benefits, or expected and non-performance related incentives, it offers, such as product discounts or insurances, executives are rewarded by giving them a recognition bonus of 3 to 5 percent of their base salary. 6. Managerial practices and organization climate for creativity In Barry, John and Richard, 2011 findings – spending more on RD won’t drive results; the most crucial factors are strategic alignment and a culture. Inevitably, managerial practices affect creativity of whole organization, per Amabile, 1998 suggested that six general categories are challenge, freedom, resources, work-group features, supervisory encouragement and organization support. Apple Inc would be analyzed together with two more innovative companies in order to obtain a better understanding on the way management of Apple encourage and develop innovation within the organization comparing with another innovative companies. | Apple Inc| HP| 3M| Challenge| Apple followed 10:3:1 approach, 10 entirely different mock up of the new design is required to provide by designer, only three designs would be selected, then engineer would work on the designs before the final stage. Although the process is harsh and consuming, Steve Jobs would drop all the finished concepts at very last minutes. | Researchers are not limited to work in RD area; they can work across the different team and department on variety of projects like engineering and marketing team. Under the performance rating system, the salaries of individuals are determined by comparing with their peers performance. Salaries and promotions are tied to the product’s progress, for any new product, when the sales grow to USD5M, the product’s originator becomes a project manager, at USD20-30, a department manager, in USD75M range, division manager. 25% rules introduced: A quarter of division’s sales come from the products introduced within the past five years . | Freedom| There is no restriction in the brain storm meeting, team member of development team is free to express their creativity then pass the proposal for further investigate on the feasibility and effectiveness. The management philosophy of HP is mutual trust and respect for individuals, everyone can make decisions on almost everything idea which related to their research work. Staffs in HP lab have flexible working hours. | Staffs in 3M tend to be self-policing. There is no restriction for the staff moving from one business to another. | Resources| | Diversity network associations offer employees an opportunity to engage in professional support and networking activities. | HP invest a lot on its RD section and put RD as the centre of business. The resources are come from HP Labs Bristol and their big partner like UK government. It provides advanced office building and world class facilities for research staff to perform their technological work. The researcher would grant special research funds to set up new projects | USD 50,000 would be granted for the project pass the idea stage, a panel of technical experts and scientists awards as many as 90 grants each year. | Work-group features| Apple worked on the concept of informal corporate culture flat organizational structure is established. No matter the job post is high or low, they share the same open spaces for creativity. | HP lab consists of many small units, individuals take responsibilities and work together as a team. The lab operates a flat organizational hierarchy, only three layers of management, scientist, manager and director. | Every division are kept small, on average about USD200M in sales| Supervisory encouragement| Management in Apple especially Steve Jobs created an environment in which employees were encouraged to believe that they are better than the others. The employee also would gain the benefits in the coaching and mentoring arrangement. | With the trust and respect philosophy, the staffs do not have much interference from management and only simple regulations in the HP lab. Senior researcher would be assigned as a mentor for the new comers. Supervisor is easily be found in HP lab as they would participate in the regular coffee meeting and spending leisure time with researcher to get more idea on the on going activities. Tolerance of mistakes and all technical staff at coporate labs dedicate about 15% of their efforts toward learning and training programs in areas outside their responsibilities. | Organization support| Developmental program in Apple Inc is included 16structured on-the-job training. | Workshops and training program is opened for everyone. Renowned experts would be invited in regular public lecture and give talks to the staff. Recognized award in form of financial rewards would be encouraged to the staff that make par ticular contributions to the innovation, even the output is not suitable for commercialization would still be patented. 15% rule allows anyone in 3M to spend up to 15% of work week on anything they wants, as long as it is product related. Small meeting rooms allows a small group of staff from different divisions even customer to exchange ideas. | These six elements are similar to what Ekvall, 1996 suggested organization climate for creativity and innovation, and it plays an impact variable which interferes the results of organization operations. Based on the three strategies suggested by Barry, John and Richard, 2011, need seekers, market readers and technology drivers and then comparing with three innovative companies analyzed, it is induced that Apple Inc strategy is belonged to need seekers, with respect to the pioneer concept and ideas like itunes, apps store and siri, it satisfy the characteristic of shaping new products/services and being a leader to the market. At the same time, the technological capabilities allows them to have the whole product integration, range from operating system iOS to hardware, it would be also defined as technology driver. In reviewing 3M innovation and new concept is come from customer and market needs with incremental change to the products and being the fast followers in the market place, so 3M takes the market readers strategy. Finally with the advanced laboratory support and customer orientated, HP would be recognized as market readers and technology drivers. 7. â€Å"Siri† Four Actions Framework Creativity is easily found on every Apple’s product, the innovation involvement on one of the latest products â€Å"Siri† would be investigated based on the Kim and Mauborgne, 2005. Four actions framework suggested by Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 included (i) reducing factors which below the industry’s standard; by applying voice recognized analysis technology in Siri, it simplifies the end user key in process and reduce the hardware and software application. (ii) Creating the products that the industry has never offered; Siri offers accurate result through â€Å"Voice to result† to end users which is the pioneer to the market. (iii) Raising the factors above the industry’s standard; Siri allows users do not have any knowledge on computing which enhance the number of users from any background. iv) Eliminating the items that industry takes for granted, by applying â€Å"Siri†, keyboard, mouse and even touch screen would be eliminated. 8. Conclusion and recommendation According to the analytical result of the five elements on innovative company, managerial practices and four action framework on both Apple Inc and its product, it is identifie d that strategies of Apple Inc are need seekers and technology drivers, the products including but not limited to â€Å"Siri† totally reflect the result from individual and organizational creativity. There are many people worried about Apple future as the matter of fact that the key person [Steve Jobs] has resigned and pass away in 2010, although there is no immediately impact as innovation plan is normally lasted for 5-10 years, it is difficult to replace [Steve] who acted as spiritual leader and final decision makers in short period of time. It would be a golden chance for the company to readjust the policy especially on the decision making; the decision power would be distributed to different project leader by absorbing more idea from the staff and redefining the standpoint. It would enhance the freedom in the whole organization and it is easily recognized the importance of freedom to the effect of creativity from the analysis of HP and 3M. No doubt, [Steve] is a symbol of Apple Inc, he was not only CEO, and he was also a new product pitchman. Now when Steve was passed away, people included investor and consumer would unilaterally associate the innovation and advanced technologies are all gone simultaneously, the confidential level of Apple’s products would be dropped. To put a stop, it would be grateful that the message of team spirit and performance be demonstrated to the public by putting focus on how individual and team affecting the result. The new product presentation should be introduced in form of team which allows the public forget the past image of Apple but it is important that keeping the spirit of [Steve] eternally in form of brand image in order to consolidate the cohesion internally and externally. It is truly believed that Apple Inc is the most successful innovation company throughout the investigation base on theories suggested by Barry, John and Richard, 2011, Amabile, 1998, Ekvall, 1996, Kim and Mauborgne, 2005 and Sundar and Anil, 2000. Inevitably Apple Inc would face a great challenge as the change is necessary with the top management movement, with the best wishes on smooth passing the transitional period and sustaining the long established innovative image. 9. Reference 1. Barry, John and Richard, 2011: Barry,J, John,L and Richard,H. 2011, The global innovation 1000 why culture is key. New York: Booz Company Inc. 2. Amabile, 1998: Amabile, TM. 1998, How to kill creativity, Harvard business review. 76(5), pp. 77 – 87 3. Ekvall, 1996: Ekvall, J. 1996, Organization climate for creativity and innovation. European journal of work and organizational psychology. 5(1), pp. 105-123 4. Kim and Mauborgne, 2005: Kim, W. C and Mauborgne,R. 2005, Blue ocean strategy. Boston, Massachusetts: Harvard business school press. 5. Walter, 2011: Walter, I. 2011, Steve Jobs. New York: Simon Schuster. 6. Ping and Yuan-hong, 2012: Ping,C and Yuan-Hong,L. 012, Comparison on innovation of high-tech corporation, Technoeconomics management research. 292(5), pp50-54 7. Purkayastha and Syeda Qumer, 2011: Purkayastha,D and Syeda Qumer, M. 2011, Innovation at Apple, India: IBS Center for management research. 8. Apple, 2011: Annual report 2010-2011. California: Apple Inc. 9. Sundar and Anil, 2000: Sundar, B and Anil, M. 2000, Making Innovation Happen in Organizations: Individual Creativity Mechanisms, Organizational Creativity Mechanisms or Both? , Journal of product innovation management. 17(6), pp424-434 How to cite Innovation of Apple, Essay examples

Fitlife Change Management Project Health and Fitness

Question: Discuss about the Fitlife Change Management Project for Health and Fitness. Answer: Introduction Fitlife is one of the renowned health and fitness organizations that has been operating across various cities of e Australia for the last 40 years. The organization provides personal fitness training courses to their customers and currently employs some of the best personnel of the fitness industry for the same. A recent market study by the Statistica Australian Marketing Research Agency ( or the SAMRA) has revealed that the emergence of various new entrants in the market is challenging the Fitlife s status of Key player. The market research team of SAMRA has advised the higher management of Fitlife to include certain key changes in the organization, the details of which would be discussed in this report. Identify Change Issues Identify the strategic change needs through an analysis of organizational objectives The market study conducted by the research team of Statistica Australian Marketing Research Agency indicated that at present, the organizational goals of Fitlife should be: To increase the number of customers who currently utilize their services. To include new forms of fitness training courses so as to attract new customers. To join hands with corporate houses and academic institutions so as to attract the Gen Y in attending their fitness programs. Besides the above mentioned strategies, the research team of SAMRA has also advised the higher management of Fitlife to make a better utilization of their ICT systems to attract the attention of the new age consumers. Review existing policies and practice against strategic objectives The following section of the report would provide an in-depth analysis of the operational strategies currently utilized by Fitlife and the changes that have been recommended by the research team of SAMRA. Reviewing the existing policies Sl. no Current policy and practice Contribution Limitation 1 Fitlife currently utilizes their own set ups for providing training to the clients. Allows the utilization of world-class physical training facilities Restricts the chances of providing services to that section of the population who do not stay in proximity to the Fitlife training centers. 2 Current working hours are from 10 am to 5.30 pm, with the weekends being off days. In accordance to the Fair Work Act 2009, results in well-rested employees. Restricts the participation of working professionals due the short working hours. 3 Provides basic personal fitness training to the customers Provides well known physical training services to the customers. Does not allow the development of experimental fitness training programs 4. Provides basic information to the customers on the official webpage Helps in providing crucial operational information to the customers. Potential customers are not able to obtain the answers to specific queries or take admissions/ make payments directly through the official website. Suggested policies Sl. no Required policy and practice Rationale 1. Provide fitness training to the customers at their places. Such a strategy would allow providing services to such customers who are unable to travel to the Fitlife gyms. 2. Join hands with corporate houses and educational institutes and provide fitness wellness trainings to their employees and/ or students. Such strategies would essentially help the organization to provide services to a large number of working professionals, besides allowing them to draw the attention of the younger generation. 3 Increase the work hours and make employees work in shifts. Will allow providing services to the office-goers other practicing professionals. 4. Include chat facilities on the official website Will help in resolving queries raised by the customers. 5. Inclusion of new fitness training trends Will help in meeting the demands of potential clients Monitor the organizational behavior and external environment on change strategies The following section of the report would analyze the impact of the organizational behavior and external environment on the strategies recommended by SAMRA. Organizational behavior Sl. No Organizational behavior Impact 1. The individuals working at Fitlife i. Chances of career growth ii. Scope of new employment 2. Organizational groups i. Growth of new leaders ii. Work related stress might increase 3. Organizational processes No significant change External environment Sl. no External Factors Impact 1. Competition The strategies are custom designed for keeping Fitlife ahead in the competitive market 2. Government policies No significant effect 3. Infrastructure New infrastructural set up would be required. 4 Demographic factors Services can be provided to a larger section of the population 5 Social, Cultural and technological No significant effect Identify major operational change requirements The following section of the report would provide information regarding the changes that would be included in the operational activities of Fitlife s so as to implement the strategies developed recommended by SAMRA. Sl. no Operational change requirements Rationale 1. Changes in working hours Longer working hours would allow the organization to serve the office goers and practicing personnel. 2. Introduction of contemporary physical training forms like that of yoga, zumba, pilates, etc. Meeting customer demand 3. Conducting physical fitness training classes in collaboration with corporate organizations and academic institutes Would facilitate the process of catering to a larger section of the population. 4. Providing physical fitness training classes at the homes of the customers who are unwilling or unable to attend Fitlife fitness centers. Would facilitate the process of catering to a larger section of the population. Review and prioritize change requirements in consultation with the Business Change Manager The prioritization of the changes mentioned in the sections above have been done in the following table: Sl. No Change requirements Rationale Priority 1 Provide fitness training to the customers at their places. 1. Increase number of customers 2. Unique service, would help to stay ahead in competition 4 2 Join hands with corporate houses and educational institutes and provide fitness wellness trainings to their employees and/ or students. 1. Cater to the working adults 2. Draw attention of young generation customers, who are more likely to be interested in fitness trainings 3 3 Increase the work hours and make employees work in shifts. Encourage the working class to attend the fitness classes 2 4 Include chat facilities on the official website Provide real time answers to queries generated by students 1 5 Inclusion of new fitness training trends Cater to the demands of customers interested in contemporary fitness regimes. 1 Develop change management strategy Undertake cost benefit analysis Sl. no Category (cost) Cost (in AUD) 1. Development of infrastructure for new training sessions 55,000 2 Development of infrastructure at corporate houses and or academic institutions 34000 3 Employment of new employees 10,000 4. Developing ICT infrastructure 3400 Sl. no Category (benefit) Cost 1. Meeting the demands of clients 1, 00,000 2 Increase in number of customers 50, 000 3. Providing services to larger number of customers 30, 000 4 Encouraging more fitness freaks to join Fitlife 5, 000 Payback estimations: Year Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6 Initial Investment $ 102,400.00 Cash flow $ 180,000.00 $ 170,000.00 $ 180,000.00 $ 200,000.00 $ 230,000.00 $ 260,000.00 Cumulative cash flow $ (102,400.00) $ 77,600.00 $ 247,600.00 $ 427,600.00 $ 627,600.00 $ 857,600.00 $ 1,117,600.00 Payback period 6.728695652 years As mentioned in the table above, the payback period is expected to be approximately 7 years. Undertake risk analysis to address potential barriers to change Sl. No Barrier Likelihood Impact Consequence Risk Level Risk ranking Risk Mitigation 1. Lack of finances Moderate High The entire project might stall for an uncertain period of time Significant 1 Taking financial help from sponsors 2 The current employees of the organization might resist the changes Minimum High The project might fail due to lack of employee support Significant 2 Encourage employees to participate in change management process 3 The changes incorporated by the organization might not be financially beneficial Moderate High Failure of the project Significant 1 Optimized branding of the services Schedule the Change Management Project The schedule of the change management project has been provided below: Outline Number Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors 0 Fitlife Change Management Project 153 days Tue 11/1/16 Thu 6/1/17 1 Start date 0 days Tue 11/1/16 Tue 11/1/16 2 Market study 30 days Tue 11/1/16 Mon 12/12/16 2.1 Conducting market survey to collect information about the contemporary fitness training programs in trend 15 days Tue 11/1/16 Mon 11/21/16 1 2.2 Conducting surveys among working adults to collect information about their fitness requirements 15 days Tue 11/1/16 Mon 11/21/16 1 2.3 Conducting surveys among aged adults to collect information about their fitness requirements 15 days Tue 11/1/16 Mon 11/21/16 1 2.4 Conducting market surveys regarding the facilities available for these groups 15 days Tue 11/22/16 Mon 12/12/16 3,4,5 3 Strategizing changes 47 days Tue 12/13/16 Wed 2/15/17 3.1 Developing strategies for meeting the requirements of these three groups 20 days Tue 12/13/16 Mon 1/9/17 6 3.2 Estimating the costs required for implementing the strategies 15 days Tue 1/10/17 Mon 1/30/17 8 3.3 Conducting discussion with employees regarding the changes 7 days Tue 1/31/17 Wed 2/8/17 9 3.4 Including any changes suggested by the employees 5 days Thu 2/9/17 Wed 2/15/17 10 4 Change management phase 1: increasing the work hours 43 days Thu 2/16/17 Mon 4/17/17 4.1 Deciding the official working hours of Fitlife fitness centers 5 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 2/22/17 11 4.2 Finalizing shift hours 5 days Thu 2/23/17 Wed 3/1/17 13 4.3 Estimating the number of new employees to be recruited for this process 5 days Thu 3/2/17 Wed 3/8/17 14 4.4 Interviewing new resources 10 days Thu 3/9/17 Wed 3/22/17 15 4.5 Recruiting new employees in the fitness centers 3 days Thu 3/23/17 Mon 3/27/17 16 4.6 Providing necessary training to them 15 days Tue 3/28/17 Mon 4/17/17 17 4.7 Commissioning the fitness centers with new work hours 0 days Mon 4/17/17 Mon 4/17/17 18 5 Change management phase 2: include chat facilities on the official website 40 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 4/12/17 5.1 Communicate with the ICT service provider 5 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 2/22/17 11 5.2 Deciding on the services to be availed and cost to be paid 15 days Thu 2/23/17 Wed 3/15/17 21 5.3 Implementation if new system 20 days Thu 3/16/17 Wed 4/12/17 22 5.4 Commissioning new chat system 0 days Wed 4/12/17 Wed 4/12/17 23 6 Change management phase 3: inclusion of new fitness training trends 76 days Thu 2/16/17 Thu 6/1/17 6.1 Finalizing the new fitness training to be included in Fitlife 10 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 3/1/17 11 6.2 Interviewing training personnel having specialization in the said fitness trends 10 days Thu 3/2/17 Wed 3/15/17 26 6.3 Finalizing financial contracts with the selected trainers 10 days Thu 3/16/17 Wed 3/29/17 27 6.4 Employment of new trainers 5 days Thu 3/30/17 Wed 4/5/17 28 6.5 Developing the infrastructure required for the newly incorporated sessions 40 days Thu 4/6/17 Wed 5/31/17 29 6.6 Finalizing the timings and schedules for the new physical fitness training sessions 1 day Thu 6/1/17 Thu 6/1/17 30 6.7 Commission the services to the customers 0 days Thu 6/1/17 Thu 6/1/17 31 7 Change management phase 4: join hands with corporate houses and educational institutes 60 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 5/10/17 7.1 Communicating with corporate houses and/ or educational institutes 20 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 3/15/17 11 7.2 Proposing the plans to set up fitness training classes for the employees and/ or students of the organizations 5 days Thu 3/16/17 Wed 3/22/17 34 7.3 Finalizing discussions 5 days Thu 3/23/17 Wed 3/29/17 35 7.4 Setting up infrastructure required for conducting fitness training classes 30 days Thu 3/30/17 Wed 5/10/17 36 7.5 Commissioning classes for the corporate clients/ students 0 days Wed 5/10/17 Wed 5/10/17 37 8 Change management phase 5: provide fitness training to the customers at their places. 50 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 4/26/17 8.1 Identify services that can be provided to the customers at their homes 15 days Thu 2/16/17 Wed 3/8/17 11 8.2 Developing specialist team for providing such facilities to the potential customers 10 days Thu 3/9/17 Wed 3/22/17 40 8.3 Deciding on the financial aspects of the services 5 days Thu 3/23/17 Wed 3/29/17 41 8.4 Marketing the uniqueness of the services 20 days Thu 3/30/17 Wed 4/26/17 42 8.5 Commissioning the services to the customers 0 days Wed 4/26/17 Wed 4/26/17 43 9 End Date 0 days Thu 6/1/17 Thu 6/1/17 19,24,32,38,44 Figure: Gantt chart of the project (Source: Developed by author in MS Project). Assign resources and metrics to Change management Project Parent Task Sub Task Labour Capital Cost (AUD) Time Outcome Market study Conducting market survey to collect information about the contemporary fitness training programs in trend Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project Conducting surveys among working adults to collect information about their fitness requirements Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project Conducting surveys among aged adults to collect information about their fitness requirements Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project Conducting market surveys regarding the facilities available for these groups Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project Conducting market survey to collect information about the contemporary fitness training programs in trend Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project Strategizing changes Developing strategies for meeting the requirements of these three groups Business analyst, marketing team, N/A 500 20 days Finalization of strategies Estimating the costs required for implementing the strategies Business analyst, marketing team, project manager N/A 1000 15 days Finalization of costs Conducting discussion with employees regarding the changes Project team manager N/A 200 7 days Including the employees in the change management process Including any changes suggested by the employees Business analyst, marketing team, project manager N/A 100 5 days Including relevant ideas put forward by employees Change management phase 1: increasing the work hours Deciding the official working hours of Fitlife fitness centers Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 200 5 days Finding options regarding the probable working hours Finalizing shift hours Project manager N/A 100 5 days Finalization of working hours Estimating the number of new employees to be recruited for this process Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 200 5 days Finalization of the number of employees who would be recruited Interviewing new resources Project manager, HR team N/A 300 10 days Short listing of employees Recruiting new employees in the fitness centers Project manager, HR team N/A 100 3 days New employees recruited Providing necessary training to them Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 600 15 days Well trained employees, ready to serve customers Change management phase 2: include chat facilities on the official website Communicate with the ICT service provider Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 200 5 days Collecting information regarding the cost of including a chat service Deciding on the services to be availed and cost to be paid Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 600 15 days Finalization of the services to be availed and the cost associated with it Implementation of new system ICT service provider N/A 3000 20 days Developing and implementing real time chat options Commissioning new chat system ICT service provider, Project manager, 3000 450 5 days Real time chat options included in website Change management phase 3: inclusion of new fitness training trends Finalizing the new fitness training to be included in Fitlife Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 500 10 days Finalization of new fitness training programs Interviewing training personnel having specialization in the said fitness trends Project manager, HR team N/A 700 10 days Short listing of training personnel Finalizing financial contracts with the selected trainers HR team N/A 100 10 days Finalization of the payments and other facilities to be made to the newly recruited trainers Employment of new trainers HR team N/A 50 5 days Employment of new trainers Developing the infrastructure required for the newly incorporated sessions Project management team 50, 000 5000 40 days New infrastructure developed Finalizing the timings and schedules for the new physical fitness training sessions Project management team N/A 100 1 day Schedules of new classes finalized Commission the services to the customers Project manager N/A N/A 0 days Services commissioned Change management phase 4: join hands with corporate houses and educational institutes Communicating with corporate houses and/ or educational institutes Project management team N/A 500 20 days Identification of corporate houses or academic institutes who might be interested in setting up fitness training centers Proposing the plans to set up fitness training classes for the employees and/ or students of the organizations Project management team N/A 250 5 days Sharing of business proposals Finalizing discussions Project management team N/A 1000 5 days Finalizing the proposal Setting up infrastructure required for conducting fitness training classes Project management team 30000 4000 30 days Setting up the fitness training centres Commissioning classes for the corporate clients/ students Project manager N/A N/A 0 days Services commissioned Change management phase 5: provide fitness training to the customers at their places. Identify services that can be provided to the customers at their homes Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 1500 15 days Services finalized Developing specialist team for providing such facilities to the potential customers Project management team N/A 1000 10 days Specialized team developed Deciding on the financial aspects of the services Project management team, Project manager N/A 1500 5 days Finalization of charges to be made Marketing the uniqueness of the services Project management team 1500 1000 20 days Potential customers well informed Commissioning the services to the customers Project manager N/A N/A 0 days Services commissioned Develop draft communication Plan including reporting protocols Sl. No Reporting Protocol Stakeholder 1 (Sponsor) Stakeholder 2 (Client) Stakeholder 3 (Employees) Stakeholder 4 (Customers) 1 Outcomes Awareness regarding the progress of the project and the utilization of funds Awareness regarding the: 1.Progress of the report 2. Issues associated with the project Awareness regarding the: 1. organizational changes 2 new processes to be followed Awareness regarding the services provided by Fitlife 2 Key Message 1.Progress reports 2.Financial reports 1. Progress reports New operational instructions Promotions of new services 3 Channel 1.Official meetings 2.Well Documented reports 1. Official mails 2.Well Documented reports and presentations Official mails E marketing, branding using social media and news media 4 When/ frequency Once in a month Once in every 15 days As and when required As and when required The Change Management Cycle The change management cycle that has been utilized in this project has been depicted below: Figure: The Change Management Cycle (Source: Developed by author) Obtain approval from the Business Change Manager Name Description Signature Date Service Owner Name I hereby approve the change management plan Please insert Please insert Business Change Manager I hereby approve the change management plan Please insert Please insert Project Manager Name Plan approved by Business Change Manager Please insert Please insert Deliver the Communications Plan The meetings to be conducted with the stakeholders of the project ( the employees and the client of the project) would include discussions on the following points: The aims and objectives of the project The potential benefits of the project The changes being incorporated The modes and manner in which communication between stakeholders is conducted. Monitor and adjust change management activities Evaluation Report Performance gaps The performance gaps of the project have been provided in the following table: Parent Task Sub Task Labour Capital Cost (AUD) Time Outcome New Outcome Market study Conducting market survey to collect information about the contemporary fitness training programs in trend Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project As expected Conducting surveys among working adults to collect information about their fitness requirements Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project As expected Conducting surveys among aged adults to collect information about their fitness requirements Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project As expected Conducting market surveys regarding the facilities available for these groups Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project As expected Conducting market survey to collect information about the contemporary fitness training programs in trend Business analytic team N/A 150 15 days Collecting information relevant to the project As expected Strategizing changes Developing strategies for meeting the requirements of these three groups Business analyst, marketing team, N/A 500 20 days Finalization of strategies Strategies not finalized Estimating the costs required for implementing the strategies Business analyst, marketing team, project manager N/A 1000 15 days Finalization of costs Not finalized Conducting discussion with employees regarding the changes Project team manager N/A 200 7 days Including the employees in the change management process As expected Including any changes suggested by the employees Business analyst, marketing team, project manager N/A 100 5 days Including relevant ideas put forward by employees As expected Change management phase 1: increasing the work hours Deciding the official working hours of Fitlife fitness centers Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 200 5 days Finding options regarding the probable working hours As expected Finalizing shift hours Project manager N/A 100 5 days Finalization of working hours Resisted by employees Estimating the number of new employees to be recruited for this process Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 200 5 days Finalization of the number of employees who would be recruited As expected Interviewing new resources Project manager, HR team N/A 300 10 days Short listing of employees As expected Recruiting new employees in the fitness centers Project manager, HR team N/A 100 3 days New employees recruited As expected Providing necessary training to them Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 600 15 days Well trained employees, ready to serve customers Change management phase 2: include chat facilities on the official website Communicate with the ICT service provider Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 200 5 days Collecting information regarding the cost of including a chat service As expected Deciding on the services to be availed and cost to be paid Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 600 15 days Finalization of the services to be availed and the cost associated with it As expected Implementation of new system ICT service provider N/A 3000 20 days Developing and implementing real time chat options As expected Commissioning new chat system ICT service provider, Project manager, 3000 450 5 days Real time chat options included in website Task postponed by 2 working days Change management phase 3: inclusion of new fitness training trends Finalizing the new fitness training to be included in Fitlife Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 500 10 days Finalization of new fitness training programs As expected Interviewing training personnel having specialization in the said fitness trends Project manager, HR team N/A 700 10 days Short listing of training personnel As expected Finalizing financial contracts with the selected trainers HR team N/A 100 10 days Finalization of the payments and other facilities to be made to the newly recruited trainers As expected Employment of new trainers HR team N/A 50 5 days Employment of new trainers As expected Developing the infrastructure required for the newly incorporated sessions Project management team 50, 000 5000 40 days New infrastructure developed As expected Finalizing the timings and schedules for the new physical fitness training sessions Project management team N/A 100 1 day Schedules of new classes finalized As expected Commission the services to the customers Project manager N/A N/A 0 days Services commissioned As expected Change management phase 4: join hands with corporate houses and educational institutes Communicating with corporate houses and/ or educational institutes Project management team N/A 500 20 days Identification of corporate houses or academic institutes who might be interested in setting up fitness training centers As expected Proposing the plans to set up fitness training classes for the employees and/ or students of the organizations Project management team N/A 250 5 days Sharing of business proposals Plan Approved by only 2 corporate houses Finalizing discussions Project management team N/A 1000 5 days Finalizing the proposal As expected Setting up infrastructure required for conducting fitness training classes Project management team 30000 4000 30 days Setting up the fitness training centres As expected Commissioning classes for the corporate clients/ students Project manager N/A N/A 0 days Services commissioned As expected Change management phase 5: provide fitness training to the customers at their places. Identify services that can be provided to the customers at their homes Fitness experts associated with project management team N/A 1500 15 days Services finalized As expected Developing specialist team for providing such facilities to the potential customers Project management team N/A 1000 10 days Specialized team developed Additional 5 days were required Deciding on the financial aspects of the services Project management team, Project manager N/A 1500 5 days Finalization of charges to be made As expected Marketing the uniqueness of the services Project management team 1500 1000 20 days Potential customers well informed As expected Commissioning the services to the customers Project manager N/A N/A 0 days Services commissioned As expected Risk management Outcome The outcome of the risk management process of the project have been provided in the following table: Sl No Risk Root causes Risk Control measures (actions to be taken) Monitoring procedure Responsible person Timeline 1 Lack of finances Inappropriate budgeting Taking financial help from sponsors Supervision of the budgeting process Project manager Within 15 days of the issue being noticed 2 The current employees of the organization might resist the changes The employees might not be able to accept the changes being incorporated in the organization Encourage employees to participate in change management process Appropriate communication with the employees. HR manager Within 5 days of the issue being noticed 3 The changes incorporated by the organization might not be financially beneficial Inappropriate market survey Optimized branding of the services Supervision of the marketing/ branding procedure Project manager Within 90 days of the issue being noticed Conclusion The preceding sections of the report provide insight into the change management project being implemented in Fitlife. Section 1 of the report emphasizes on the identification of the issues that need to be considered on an emergency basis, while the change management strategy has been discussed in section 2 of the report. Section 3 sheds some light on the manner in which the changes would be communicated with the stakeholders while the last section essentially highlights the process of monitoring the change management activities. In the light of the discussions made in the report, it can be said that the strategic changes mentioned in the report can be successfully implemented with the utilization of appropriate monitoring and implementation processes. Bibliography Abdul Rasid, S.Z., Wan Ismail, W.K., Mohammad, N.H. and Long, C.S., 2014. Assessing Adoption of Project Management Knowledge Areas and Maturity Level: Case Study of a Public Agency in Malaysia.Journal of Management in Engineering,30(2), pp.264-271. Alexander, K., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Benn, S., Dunphy, D. and Griffiths, A., 2014.Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bradley, G., 2016.Benefit Realisation Management: A practical guide to achieving benefits through change. CRC Press. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Cameron, E. and Green, M., 2015.Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. and Mossholder, K.W., 2013. Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), pp.942-958. Crawford, J.K., 2014.Project management maturity model. CRC Press. Frankland, R., Mitchell, C.M., Ferguson, J.D., Sziklai, A.T., Verma, A.K., Popowski, J.E. and Sturgeon, D.H., Applications In Internet Time, Llc, 2013.Integrated change management unit. U.S. Patent 8,484,111. Garton, C. and McCulloch, E., 2012.Fundamentals of Technology Project Management. MC Press, LLC. Hayes, J., 2014.The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hornstein, H.A., 2015. The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Hubbard, D.G., Bolles, D.L. and PMP, P., 2015. PMO Framework and PMO Models for Project Business Management.PM Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. McLaren, R., Enemark, S. and Lemmen, C., 2016, March. Guiding Principles for Building Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration Systems in Developing Countries: Capacity Development, Change Management and Project Delivery. InWorld Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, The World Bank-Washington DC. Oreg, S., Michel, A. and By, R.T. eds., 2013.The psychology of organizational change: Viewing change from the employees perspective. Cambridge University Press. Petrou, P., Demerouti, E. and Schaufeli, W.B., 2016. Crafting the Change The Role of Employee Job Crafting Behaviors for Successful Organizational Change.Journal of Management, p.0149206315624961. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Shin, J., Taylor, M.S. and Seo, M.G., 2012. Resources for change: The relationships of organizational inducements and psychological resilience to employees' attitudes and behaviors toward organizational change.Academy of Management journal,55(3), pp.727-748. Vakola, M., Armenakis, A. and Oreg, S., 2013. Reactions to organizational change from an individual differences perspective: A review of empirical research.The Psychology of Organizational Change: Viewing Change from the Employee's Perspective, pp.95-122. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. 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Womens Movement Towards Equality Essay Example For Students

Womens Movement Towards Equality Essay Womens Movement Towards EqualityThe Womens Movement Towards EqualityFor centuries, all over the world, women have been forced to stand in the shadow of man because they were seen as weak individuals not worthy of equality. And for centuries, all over the world, women have fought to prove them wrong. In early 15th century Venice, young girls were only give three options for the pathways of their lives when they reached womanhood: marriage, prostitution, or becoming a bride of Christ (a nun). Marriage placed a woman in virtually the only acceptable position that society allowedmarriage defined the life of a woman. (Ruggiero,11) Females were seen as sexual beings, which led to numerous cases of sexual violence. For society as a whole it seems to have been a wise policy in light of the fact that women, especially women of lesser status, were viewed as inferior and lustful creatures who could change from lover to victim with alarming ease. (Ruggiero, 32) Young girls were often times sexua lly abused by male family members, friends, and strangers alike. Virginity was a meaningful ideal for unmarried women; without it a woman could have trouble being accepted into marriage. (Ruggiero, 25) Due to this fact, it was not uncommon for many women to marry their rapists because of the fear of no longer being an acceptable wife to another. Within the marriage, adultery was also a problematic regular occurrence, an issue that once again divided the levels of responsibility amongst males versus females. Women, during this time, were considered the property of their husbands and therefore any crimes the wife committed were the responsibility of the husband. When it came to adulterous crimes committed by the wife, the husband was also sometimes considered to be at fault. There was an instance during the Renaissance society where a woman ran off with her lover and her husband was blamed because he was constantly traveling in order to support his family monetarily. The courts sustai ned that because he was too poor to support his wife, she had the right to run off with another man. (Rugerrio, 50-53) These laws and beliefs were not constricted to the boundaries of Italy. All around the world women were not seen as equal to man, whether it was the value of their honor, the validity of their words, or their level of intelligence. The years have brought about many women that have proved that vision wrong. During the late 19th century and into the early parts of the 20th Century, the issue of womens rights in America became a battle for equality and a tumultuous road to reformation. In earlier times, the womens role in American society placed the woman in the home, with her duty to cleaning and bearing children. The occurrence of World War I changed the role of women from homemakers to factory workers. Advertisements everywhere showed women that they could aid the war effort by helping to replace the male jobs that were now vacant. A clear and defiant move from the once simple role that had been previously embraced. The Progressive Era in American history marks a period in time where possible solutions to the problems of urbanization, industrialization, and immigration came to light. One significant aspect of this period was the participation and full support of women. Most significantly, however, is the fact that this was a time where the idea of womens suffrage became a reality. Through organizations such as the Young Womens Christian Association, the National Consumers League, professional associations, and trade unions, female reformers were at the vanguard of the womens suffrage campaign. We will write a custom essay on Womens Movement Towards Equality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c , .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .postImageUrl , .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c , .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:hover , .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:visited , .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:active { border:0!important; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:active , .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube00804ab6340e1f968cb660d976bd3c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Prostitution Essay Order now There are a number of remarkable women in history who have paved the way for the later female generations: Jane Addams- Born in 1860, Addams was a progressive social reformer who later became recognized as the most influential woman in Chicago history. In 1889 she founded the Hull House settlement home in Chicago, which gave housing to immigrants and helped to aid with the social problems of society. In 1931, she became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize for her international efforts in world peace. She was internationally respected as a social reformer, pacifist, author, peace and suffrage leader. Addams was the first vice-president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Susan B. Anthony- Born in 1820, Anthony was one of the forerunners of the movement for womens equality. She was an advocator of equal pay for equal work and vigorously encouraged women to form unions. In turn, Stanton was one of the leading ladies behind the National Women Suffrage Association (1869-1890). She was known as the Napoleon of the womens rights movement. Inez Milholland Boissevain- Born in 1886 , Boissevain was a lecturer, lobbyist, and a labor lawyer. She was viewed as the model of the new woman. A socialist and pacifist, became a suffrage martyr when she died at 30 while urging women in the western states to defeat President Wilson for not endorsing suffrage. Nannie Helen Burroughs- Born in 1883, Burroughs served as President of the Womens Auxiliary of the National Baptist Convention. After experiencing job discrimination because of her skin-color from the school boards in Washington D.C., Burroughs opened her own school in which she preached the belief that all females should be given fair and equal opportunity. She also firmly believed in the integration of religion and education, teaching her pupils to achieve the highest level of Christian womanhood. Lucretia Coffin Mott- Born in 1793, Mott was easily seen as the leading womens rights pioneer. She loudly boycotted products of slave labor and was a leading Philadelphia abolitionist. In 1848, Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first womens rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY, which allowed for women to openly discuss their views on inequality. She was later named president of the American Equal Rights Association 1866. Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Born in 1815, Stanton was an extraordinary womans rights leader. The fact that her father was a prominent leader in society gave her more credibility when it came to voicing her beliefs. Along with Lucrecia Mott, she called the first womans rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York 1848. Stanton also went on to write the Declaration of Sentiments which declared, men and women are created equal. Proposed that women should be given the right to vote, which caused her to suffer ridicule and much criticism. As a popular public speaker and forceful writer, she drafted numerous resolutions to the problems of society and later ran for Congress 1866. Stanton held her position as president of the National Woman Suffrage Association for 21 years. Sojourner Truth- Born into slavery in 1797, Isabella Van Wagenen (in 1843 she changed her name to Sojourner Truth) dedicated her life to the abolishment of slavery and to the equality of women. Although she was illiterate, her infamous Aint I a Woman speech made her one of the most well known black womens suffrage movement reformers. In the 1850s, Truth spoke at several womens rights meetings, encouraging brotherly love. By the late 19th century, the aforementioned women (and countless others) helped to afford women advancement in property rights, employment and educational opportunities, divorce and child custody laws, and increased social freedoms. The early 20th century also saw a successful push for the vote through a coalition of suffragists, temperance groups, reform-minded politicians, and womens social welfare organizations. In todays society women have been recognized for their previous efforts to change the proverbial mold. The National Museum of American History in Washing ton D.C. recently held an exhibit in dedication to the women of the past that paved the way for the women of the future. From Parlor to Politics: Women and Reform in America, 1890-1925, traced the lives of the leaders and revolutionaries of the Womens Suffrage Movement and exhibited various memorabilia from the time period. Walking through it makes one realize just how far society has come, and made one wonder how much further it will go. BibliographyWorks Consulted1) Davis, Allen Freeman. American Heroine: The Life and Legend of Jane Addams. New York: Oxford, 1973. .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee , .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .postImageUrl , .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee , .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:hover , .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:visited , .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:active { border:0!important; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:active , .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf3b1ef253ab827dddd641e00524bd3ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Isolation and Society in Bartleby, the Scrivener B Essay2) Ruggiero, Guido. The Boundaries of Eros. AU Custom Course Packet for Cities and Crime, Viano, 2000. 3) Ware, Susan. Modern American Women: A Documentary History. New York: McGraw Hill, 1997. 4) http://www.inform.umd.edu (search for womens suffrage ), University of Maryland, 1999. 5) http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/SUFFRAGE/HOME.html , University of Rochester, 1995. 6) Smithsonian National Museum of American History. From Parlor to Politics: Women and Reform in America, 1890-1925. Washington D.C., 2000. American History

American Foreign policy 1897-1939 essays

American Foreign policy 1897-1939 essays What Were the Prime Motivations in the Conduct of US Foreign Policy From 1898-1941? Primarily the United States entered the world political spectrum following its comprehensive victory over Spain in the Spanish-American War (1895-1898) and it was to prove the forbearer of American foreign policy for the foreseeable future. An aggressive imperialistic dictum immediately followed the victory as America sought control of Latin America and the Caribbean. This successful annexation of her own backyard was followed by a more subdued economic imperialism using a Dollar diplomacy instead of a big stick ethos, extending her influence across the Pacific and towards Asia. America turned inwards upon herself with a trend of isolationism whilst she continued to build the infrastructure, which would eventually propel her to major world power classification. America continued a predominate isolationist policy, with exception towards beneficial economic ventures, until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in 1941, where once again matters were forced upon her. A new form of imperialism can be accredited to America during the earlier years of the century. A capitalistically driven imperialism focussed primarily on Latin America, taking the positive parts from old-style European imperialism and rejecting the elements that could prove troublesome or expensive, yet proving isolationist in nature towards Europe. The victory over Spain expelled European influence from the Americas and saw America herself take over the mantel of the white mans burden in its own backyard. The huge benefit afforded to America was its newness, the very fact that America was fabricated and not slowly developed over centuries like the established European countries, that it was a teenager when compared to Europes old man, enabled America to see where Europe had erred. America then vigorously promoted, by force w...

Operational managment report on apple company Essay

Operational managment report on apple company - Essay Example Since the disposal of a high amount of wastage is highly detrimental for the people living on the earth, there have been various enactments to regulate the environmental issues particularly with the waste management. Tougher environmental standards have been enacted to ensure that the firms do reduce the wastage to the maximum extent. In order to avoid these environmental liabilities the product recycling has been made a function of the product life cycle management of larger companies to save considerable time and money which otherwise would have been spent on the discharge of the environmental liabilities. In the present study this paper while detailing the broad issues connected with the product life cycle management analyses in detail the steps taken by major computer manufacturers Apple computers in the area of product life cycle management as a function operational management. The purpose of any manufacturing organization is to provide a quality product or service to its customers. In doing so the firm attains a competitive edge to its products by bringing in new ideas to the market quickly and faster than the competitors. In this way the firms are able to provide the maximum satisfaction to the customers. An addition to this phenomenon is the service to the human beings in the form of meeting the environmental liabilities, by improved product designs whereby the products are recycled at the end of their useful life. Enormous time and money are being sent by large corporations in the area of developing new product designs that will improve the effective working life of the product and at the same time making the production processes easier for manufacture and repair than existing products and services. The role being played by the innovative product designs and technological advancement is commendable in this respect. Such development of the new product designs to meet the recycling requirements often face a host of problems both internal to the organization as well as external in relation to the customers and other external stakeholders of the firm. 1.1 Internal Problems: Any new product design to meet the requirement of both fitting the production processes as well as satisfying the environmental requirements of recycling face the following problems within the organization. The design process Should

Discussion Question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 10

Discussion Question - Assignment Example If the company will just rely on company-owned stores, it will not be able to achieve the international exposure that it needs. One believes that franchising is the key to increasing the company’s market share worldwide. It will not be financially draining for the company unlike if company-owned stores are established. Another major organizational change which one proposes is for the company to require their store managers to conduct weekly meetings with the sales staff. This is being suggested because one believes that the sales staffs are the people who would know exactly what the customers want. At present, the sales staffs are not consulted about the scents or products that the customers prefer. One believes that management should give importance to the sales staff by asking feedback from them. This could be done through the weekly meetings. Furthermore, this will motivate the sales people more because they will realize that their opinions are important to the company. The organizational changes proposed above will hopefully help the company improve its profitability and at the same time lead them to the road towards global success. The implementation of the suggested changes may take some time but it will definitely benefit the company in the long

Care of the Patient in the Surgical Environment Essay

Care of the Patient in the Surgical Environment - Essay Example It will also demonstrate skills to use equipment within the operating theatre and knowledge in associated dangers. Body The patient Patient Miss WC (not her real name) is an 82-year-old female who was having surgery after having fallen outside her house while waiting to cross the road during the morning hours. To safeguard her anonymity and confidentiality, she will be referred as Patient WC. Such confidentiality is being maintained in order to protect her identity and maintain her confidence in the nursing research and practice. She was diagnosed with a medial malleolus fracture in her right ankle and was scheduled to undergo an internal fixation of her fracture. She has been widowed for five years now, has two children, and a generally active social life. She is active in the local community social gatherings, joining her fellow senior citizens in various activities like ballroom dancing. In recent years since her husband’s death, she has minimized her involvement in the soc ial activities, mostly because she still feels saddened and lonely about losing her husband of 50 years. She also has limited her physical and social activities because she often feels easily tired and exhausted when engaging in her usual activities. She has no known medical problems, has had no previous operations, and no known allergies. Before her fracture, she has been independently mobile and has been generally carrying out her activities of daily living independently. At present, due to her injury, she has limited mobility and needs assistance in her daily activities. The initial assessment indicated that her BP was at 140/90; her height was 5 foot 4 inches and her weight was at 150 pounds placing her BMI at normal; heart rate at 75 bpm; breaths rate at 22 breaths per minute; and her temperature at 36.5 degrees Celsius. The fracture of her medial malleolus (right) is basically a fracture of her ankle. A medial malleolus fracture represents a fracture of the body processes in t he inner area of her ankle, known as the medial malleolus (Physio Advisor, 2008). The lower leg has the two long bones of the tibia and the fibula and the tibia has a bony process found in the inner aspect of the ankle, and such is known as the medial malleolus. In certain activities, stress is often placed on the tibia and the medial malleolus and this stress cause the medial malleolus to break (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). These breaks often occur in rolled ankles in instances of significant weight bearing forces. They may also be apparent during awkward landings from a jump, from falls following a direct blow to the front aspect of the ankle. It is a fracture common in running and jumping sports, usually with changes in direction in sports activities like football, soccer, rugby, and basketball (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). Patients with a medial malleolus fracture often express that they experience the sudden onset of a sharp and intense pain in the inner ankle or lower leg during their injur y (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). For some patients, limping is possible soon after their injury, but for some others, weight-bearing is often not possible, especially where their malleolus is misplaced. These patients may often experience swelling in their ankle, including bruising and pain on firm touching (PhysioAdvisor, 2008). Pain is often exacerbated by movements or with standing and walking.

Comparison Between Sap And Oracle Information Technology Essay

Comparison Between Sap And Oracle Information Technology Essay In this report we have to discuss about the two ERP packages named SAP and Oracle. We are making this report as we have to purchase and implement an ERP system into our organization. As we have to choose and use any one of these two in our organization. So first we will discuss about what an ERP system is, what its components are and why it is so much of importance now days. Then we will discuss about the two most dominant ERP vendors SAP and Oracle and differentiate between them on the basis of some points like cost, which one is better to use, functions, applications, technology platforms etc and finally we will give conclusion about the comparison done and evaluate that which one is better and which one is to be implemented in the organization. Introduction Of The Report- Enterprise resource planning (ERP) what does this mean, in a short and simple way and by the name we can define it as planning done in an enterprise to manage the resources. ERP is a part of Enterprise management system (EMS). EMS is defined as a system which manages an enterprise by the use of various resources available to run a business. It has various components and ERP is one of the components. In EMS, ERP system plays an important role as the major decisions are taken through it. ERP system deals with the planning and use of resources in the business. The resources are finance, material, manufacturing, capacity and human resources. The ERP provides, the methodology of accessing the resources need for a given business plan to achieve certain business objectives. It also helps to execute the plans, decisions and actions in the time bound manner. The ERP provides a support system in transaction process, updating and reporting various functions. The ERP is the main interface of the organization. The implementation of most of the ERP packages begins with the definition of enterprise structure, authorities, functions, business process and business plans. The ERP solutions are available in unique platform and also in windows NT. The typical ERP package consists of the following modules- (Wailgum, 2011) Sales, marketing and distribution. Manufacturing. Inventory management. Personnel management. Finance management. Purchase. Planning. Control. There are six system which together act as the support systems to the ERP, they are- Communication management system (CMS). Security management system (SMS). Electronic data interchange (EDI). CAD, CAM, CAE. Attendance management system (AMS). Document management system (DMS). Comparison Between SAP and Oracle As already discussed above that currently SAP and Oracle are the two most dominant ERP vendors in the market, so to select any one of them we have to do a detailed study about each of them and compare the two on the basis of some characteristics and finally evaluate that which one is best suited for our organization and implemented in it. We will analyze each of the products on the basis of business functions, technology platforms, cost, and ease of use. General functions and applicability- SAP is doing its business longer than oracle as SAP was started long before and oracle is new in the market in comparison to SAP. In my view, erect industry-specific functionality is where the rubber hits the path as the hope of enterprise applications unfolds. The ability of an ERP package is to know and take the services of the individuals and to build them according to their requirement into an application which is essentially customized according to the customer, for the individual business in the organization of that individual. This states that although a strong service infrastructure is needed, the vendors also need a large range of services with them to accumulate the further the merrier. SAP takes advantage here as it has skill in 28 verticals and has the software functionality to prove. To make available all the functions as usable for future is one of the task of SAP and if it is done than it will built more customers and can have a bright future. On the other side oracle provides functions that are deep vertical and have a partnering strategy, but this functionality is far behind the SAP functionality. So now oracle is trying to fill the blanks by having more partner products but still it is known that what the products will do and what are their applications we can say that SAP is at the advantage of the two. (SAP vs Oracle) Technology- Oracles applications are flexible and also configuration is possible, therefore its technology mound for its applications. Although the best of the solutions were there in the market but still oracle was able to embrace in the middleware market early on as company had strong middleware products. Also the oracle organization was working to simplify and to open its application architecture. Oracle provided a product which was easy to install and maintain for the customer which was its benefit. Also oracle is creating a unified data model. On the other hand SAP has five different data models for the customers to work on. If any organization wants a single source with SAP then it has to build a data ware house. But oracle makes data warehouse optional for its customers which result in faster access to information. Cost- Total cost of ownership (TCO) comprises of technology, extensibility and implementation and ROI. Now the question is which is better, SAP or Oracle? As Oracles applications are extensible and flexible it lightens the want for customization. Due to customization deployments which are coming faster, and also due to lower consulting costs of the internal resources the business operations are becoming quicker. The effect of all these attributes results in a lower cost of ownership which everyone wants. As all these attributes are present in the Oracle technology so its cost is lower than SAP and not only the cost is lower but the average three year total cost of ownership of Oracle is 48% less than SAPs, which is a huge difference in the cost of the two. Ease of use- As we know that the ERP system cant satisfy all the customers, but due to flexibility of the applications of oracle it has attracted many customers and organizations towards it. Oracle also rises and has benefit in several areas like extensibility- web applications, workflow and reporting. The web applications of Oracle are so flexible that the companys IT department can personalize the web application. For an example a web application named iProcurement can be used in such a way that someone logging from any part may get the proper information which is suitable for them. One more example of Oracles web application is iExpense. With the help of this application many organization used it to modernize their business processes related to employee expenditure and reimbursements. Also iExpense is an application which is simpler and easier to work than any SAP application. Evaluation and Conclusion- Here we will discuss that which is the better product of the two, some thinks that SAP is better but on the other hand many support Oracle. Both SAP and Oracle have some positive as well as negative points, so by evaluating the two we will finally conclude our report on the basis of some points- Which vendor to select- According to me Oracle is better than SAP, so one should select Oracle for the organization, as by studying the comparison above we can easily evaluate that oracle out beats SAP in all most all the fields. We discussed many characteristic of the two and finally we can say that Oracle is the better of the two and we should select Oracle to implement in our organization. Why to select Oracle, on what basis- Now as we have concluded that Oracle is better than SAP, so how we reached to this conclusion, what were the reasons. Some of the reasons are that Oracle applications are easy to use and can be deployed successfully in short time frame. As discussed many times its application are highly flexible and configurable. SAP basically is an closed circuit and it is too massive to handle, on the other hand Oracle solution are user friendly and also programmer friendly and also it is open and offers all the interfaces to many application, so it is at benefit in comparison with SAP. Also one of the main reasons is that the total cost of ownership (TCO) of Oracle is less than SAP and also working on Oracle applications is easier than working on SAP applications. The positive point for Oracle is that its implementation has taken less time and also at a lower cost. Oracle was established in 2004 and since 2004 it has occupied over 30 other companies as a part of its strategy. Also when customer re view was taken then also the result was positive for Oracle and customer were satisfied with Oracle then SAP. Also the profit during the past year has increased 33% for SAP which is far less than Oracle which is 47%. So we have seen both and finally we can say that Oracle have a better offering for its customer. (SAP vs. Oracle applications, 2011) Does size or domain influence the decision- No, according to me these factors are not of much importance that they will influence the decision to select the ERP package. Whether it is a small or large organization or it may be manufacturing industry or a service industry their working and aim is almost same. Everyone wants to have more profit, attract more customers, reduce its cost, want to satisfy the customer, and want to have easier work. These are the basic objectives of any firm or organization only they may differ in some extent but not much difference exists between them. SAP and Oracle applications are made in such a way that they are suitable for almost all the industries so size and domain doesnt matter in selecting the ERP package only the concern is taken on quality, cost, ease of use etc. We should choose a full ERP installation or we should pursue customizations from the vendor- According to it, if one has to select an ERP package one should opt for customization from the vendors rather than installation of the full ERP package. The reason for this is that if we go for a full ERP installation then we have to accept what that ERP package gives and offers us. It may have many things which we dont want or it might miss something which is required by us. Also we have to use it according to its manufacturer as he has designed it according to him and keeping the entire set of customers in mind. As the package is not made for an individual but for all the customers who can buy it so it will have the features and applications according to the common use of people and not according to the specific use. But if we opt for customization from the vendors, than we have lots of benefit. As it is made according to the individuals choice, so one can make changes in it. He can add and delete application according to his use. It is made according to his specification and accor ding to the need of the organization. Also its working is set according to what an organization want. So we can easily analyze hare that which one is better and we can say that customization from vendors is better than full ERP installation and the reasons for this we have already given above.